A. VOA慢速英語：文身會讓你失去工作么
Could a Tattoo Cost You a Job?
In the 1960s U.S., a tattoo was usually a sign of anti-social or illegal activity. Few people had them. Today, at least one in five Americans has a tattoo, including sports stars, actors and young professionals.
But some people say tattoos still have no place at work. Many well-known companies have 「no visible tattoo」 policies.
However, some instries are not so strict when it comes to tattoos. And some are changing to reflect a more 「tat-friendly」 culture.
During any workday commute in Washington, D.C., you will see people dressed in different kinds of business clothes -- suits, brown khaki pants and collared shirts, modest dresses and skirts. D.C. has a large government workforce along with many politicians and lawyers. As a result, most people dress in a conservative way.
On a crowded subway train one morning, a young woman stands out. She is wearing shorts and a tank top. However, it is not her clothes that make her look different from her fellow commuters. It』s her arm.
She has a large, brightly colored tattoo of a beautiful woman with long dark hair, wearing a red scarf and jewels. The tattoo covers the top of her left arm.
Erin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.xErin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.
Her name is Erin DeRosa. She is a 26-year-old hair stylist. Ms. DeRosa says her college friends warned her to not get such large tattoos. They told her the tattoos -- or 「tats」 for short -- would make it hard for her to get a job.
Not so, says Ms. DeRosa. She says the hair instry puts importance on creativity and indiviality.
So, showing her tattoos actually helps her career. She says that her clients do not get 「freaked out」 or are not upset by her tattoos. She says that her salon is a modern one, suggesting that perhaps in a more conservative salon, customers might be freaked out by her tattoos.
Her mother, however, is a different story. Her mother does not like tattoos.
Ms. DeRosa says when her mom came to DC for a visit she had to wear long sleeves the entire time.
Erin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.xErin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.
Creative instries vs. traditional instries
Erin DeRosa belongs to a creative instry that accepts tattoos in the workplace. Fashion, graphic design and technology instries are also lax, or not strict, about workers having tattoos. But instries such as medical and financial are more traditional about workers』 appearance.
These observations are from Natasha Olinger, a human resource, or hiring, specialist. Ms. Olinger has been an HR specialist in Washington, D.C. for the past decade.
「So, I think the ... the instries that are more lax now are the tech and creative instries. But the ones that are still kind of strict are the medical professions, the legal professions and banks.」
The stricter instries, explains Ms. Olinger, are mostly what she calls, 「customer-facing.」 People in medicine, law and finance must deal with the public face-to-face. If an employee represents a company, that company usually has a right to say how their employees should look.
Many jobs in the technology instry are not customer-facing. They are back-end jobs and have little face-to-face time with customers. So, appearance is not as important.
The tech instry is where a woman named Melissa Thomas has worked for the past 20 years. Ms. Thomas is a 47-year-old self-employed technology expert. She mainly works with the federal government supporting its software needs.
Ms. Thomas got a small tattoo when she was in her 20s, even though her father opposed the idea. But when Ms. Thomas turned 40, she decided it was time to get the tattoos she has always wanted – a lot of them.
Ms. Thomas explains she chose tattoo designs that are important to her in some way. She says she loves Japanese culture. So, one of her arms has a full sleeve of brightly colored Japanese-looking tattoos. A bright blue fish swimming upstream shows determination, something in which she believes.
Melissa Thomas, IT specialist in Washington, D.C. and her Japanese theater mask tattoo.xMelissa Thomas, IT specialist in Washington, D.C. and her Japanese theater mask tattoo.
Ms. Thomas says she loves water. So, a waterfall flows down her arm. Washington, D.C. is known for cherry blossoms. So, she chose some cherry blossom tattoos to celebrate the city where her son was born.
Her other arm is a work-in-progress. She says the tattoos are incomplete because her favorite artist started taking drugs again. She did not want drugs connected to her body art so she stopped going to him. This is actually one of the common opinions people have about tattoos – that the people who have them take drugs.
Ms. Thomas was thoughtful, not only about the content, but also the location of her tattoos. She explains that she stopped the tattoos at her wrists so she can hide them, all of them, when she needs to or wants to. Speaking at a crowded private swimming pool near Washington, D.C., Ms. Thomas shows her tattoos proudly.
「For me, because I respect my clients, there are situations where I call it buttoning down. For the professional part of it, I stopped at my wrists, knowing that I could button down and I』d be fine.」
Ms. Thomas is realistic about the effect her tattoos can have on others and on her career. The word she uses is 「naïve,」 or innocently unaware, to desCRIbe people with tattoos who think any work situation will accept their body art.
「I think that』s somewhat naïve, I do, because we』re still in a time where if you weren』t working at a tattoo shop, if you weren』t working in a salon, if maybe you were going for a job in the financial district or at one of our banking centers in this country you probably wouldn』t get the job if you had a t-shirt on and you were tattooed. Right? But you would get the job if you were dressed appropriate and you kept it (tattoos) to yourself.」
Melissa Thomas picked her tattoos carefully. They all relate to something in her life.xMelissa Thomas picked her tattoos carefully. They all relate to something in her life.
Can a tattoo cost you a job?
In 2011, the career advice website, CareerBuilder.com, concted a survey. They hired the company Harris Interactive to poll nearly 3,000 hiring managers across the U.S. These managers were asked to list the factors that kept them from promoting their employees. The top three were piercings, bad breath and visible tattoos.
As HR expert Natasha Olinger points out, employers do not have to care about an employee』s right to express oneself through body art.
「Yeah, so right now there is no federal law or anything against tattoo disCRImination. It』s considered an employee』s First Amendment right to get one and an employer』s right to say, 『Yeah, we don』t care about your self-expression.』 」
In other words, no U.S. law restricts someone from getting a tattoo. But no U.S. law requires a business to hire a person with a tattoo, either. So yes, having a tattoo may cost you a job.
Are employers becoming more tolerant?
On the other hand, deciding not to hire people with tattoos may increasingly cost employers workers. Surveys show that more and more young people have tattoos – or, 「ink.」 In fact, according to the Pew Research Center, in the U.S. nearly four in ten Millennials, people aged 18 – 29, have at least one tattoo.
Ms. Olinger says employers are finding that if they want to attract young talent they may have to become more tolerant of tattoos.
「I think in general employers are realizing that it』s dangerous to value appearance over professional skill, especially with kind of the younger crowd of employees. And I think they are just getting more and more tolerant of tattoos, which I think, is a good thing.」
Hiring people with tattoos may soon become an issue of staying relevant, or having a meaningful connection to the current way of doing things, says Ms. Olinger.
「Organizations across the board are finding that they need to embrace all forms of diversity including tattoos if they want to stay relevant.」
There are some instries where tattoos have become the norm. It is difficult to find professional basketball players in the U.S. without tattoos. But in many other instries the appearance of the employee is important. Tattoos represent personal expression and indiviality. This may not go along with the company』s image that the employees are to represent.
紋身會讓你丟掉工作嗎？
在20世紀60年代的美國，紋身通常是反社會或非法活動的標志。很少有人擁有它們。今天，至少五分之一的美國人有紋身，包括體育明星、演員和年輕專業人士。
但有人說紋身仍然沒有工作的地方。許多知名公司都有「無可見紋身」的政策。
不過，有些行業對紋身並不嚴格。有些正在改變，以反映一種更「友好」的文化。
在華盛頓特區的工作日通勤中，你會看到人們穿著各種商業服裝——西裝、棕色卡其布褲子和領襯衫、便裝和裙子。哥倫比亞特區有大量的政府工作人員以及許多政治家和律師。因此，大多數人穿著保守。
一天早上，在擁擠的地鐵列車上，一名年輕女子脫穎而出。她穿著短褲和背心。然而，並不是她的衣服讓她看起來不同於其他通勤者。是她的胳膊。
她有一個巨大的、顏色鮮艷的紋身，上面有一個長著黑色長發的漂亮女人，戴著紅色圍巾和珠寶。紋身覆蓋在她的左臂上。
艾琳·德洛薩，華盛頓的發型師哥倫比亞特區華盛頓發型師薛林·德羅薩
她叫艾琳·德洛薩。她是一位26歲的發型師。德洛薩女士說，她的大學朋友警告她不要紋這么大的紋身。他們告訴她紋身——簡稱「紋身」——會讓她很難找到工作。
德爾奧薩說，情況並非如此。她說，發型業重視創造力和個性。
所以，展示她的紋身實際上有助於她的事業。她說，她的客戶不會被她的紋身「嚇壞」或心煩意亂。她說她的沙龍是現代沙龍，暗示也許在更保守的沙龍里，顧客可能會被她的紋身嚇壞。
然而，她的母親卻是另一回事。她母親不喜歡紋身。
德洛薩女士說，她媽媽來特區訪問時，她必須一直穿長袖衣服。
艾琳·德洛薩，華盛頓的發型師哥倫比亞特區華盛頓發型師薛林·德羅薩
創意產業與傳統產業
艾琳·德洛薩屬於一個在工作場所接受紋身的創意產業。時尚、平面設計和科技行業也對紋身工人鬆懈或不嚴格。但醫療、金融等行業對工人的外貌比較傳統。
這些觀察來自人力資源或招聘專家娜塔莎·奧林格。奧林格女士過去十年一直是華盛頓特區的人力資源專家。
「那麼，我覺得這個...現在比較寬松的行業是科技和創意產業。但仍然比較嚴格的是醫療、法律和銀行。"
奧林格解釋說，更嚴格的行業主要是她所說的「面向客戶」。「醫葯、法律和金融領域的人士必須面對面地與公眾打交道。如果一名員工代表一家公司，該公司通常有權說他們的員工應該是什麼樣子。
科技行業的許多工作不是面向客戶的。他們是後端工作，很少與客戶面對面。所以，外表並不那麼重要。
科技產業是一個叫梅麗莎·托馬斯的女人在過去20年裡工作的地方。托馬斯女士是一位47歲的自營職業技術專家。她主要與聯邦政府合作支持其軟體需求。
托馬斯20多歲時就有一個小紋身，盡管她的父親反對。但當托馬斯40歲時，她決定是時候獲得她一直想要的紋身了——很多。
托馬斯女士解釋說，她選擇了在某種程度上對她很重要的紋身設計。她說她熱愛日本文化。所以，她的一隻胳膊上滿是鮮艷的日式紋身。一條明亮的藍魚在上游游來游去，顯示出決心，這是她相信的。
華盛頓特區的資訊科技專家梅麗莎·托馬斯和她的日本戲劇面具紋身。華盛頓特區的資訊科技專家梅麗莎·托馬斯和她的日本戲劇面具紋身。
托馬斯女士說她喜歡水。於是，一股瀑布順著她的胳膊流了下來。華盛頓特區以櫻花聞名。所以，她選擇了一些櫻花紋身來慶祝兒子出生的城市。
她的另一隻胳膊是在製品。她說，紋身是不完整的，因為她最喜歡的藝術家又開始吸毒了。她不希望毒品與她的身體藝術有關，所以她不再去找他。這實際上是人們對紋身的一個普遍看法——有紋身的人吸毒。
托馬斯女士深思熟慮，不僅在內容上，而且在紋身的位置上。她解釋說，她停止了手腕上的紋身，以便在需要或想要的時候把它們都藏起來。在一個擁擠的私人游泳池旁說
十大女士襯衫品牌排行榜。
1 INMAN茵曼
茵曼(INMAN)，廣州市匯美服裝有限公司旗下棉麻生活品牌，於2008年創立。電子商務女裝領域成長表現最為出色的女性服飾零售品牌之一。先後獲得2011年全球十佳網商30強品牌、連續三年位居天貓商城女裝品牌TOP5、淘品牌女裝Top3、淘寶第一原創棉麻女裝品牌等殊榮。2011年雙十一「茵曼」更是改寫歷史，成為第一家沖破千萬女裝品牌，總業績超越傳統品牌，位居榜首。
2 Ochirly / 歐時力
歐時力(香港)集團有限公司是義大利歐時力OCHIRLY品牌在亞太地區全權運營機構(亞太地區總部)，負責歐時力OCHIRLY在亞大地區的品牌運作業務，1999年歐時力OCHIRLY女裝率先成功進入中國市場。截至2009年底的數據顯示，它在中國28個省市的指標性商場擁有超過800家門店，年銷售額達到2.5億元。目前，歐時力計劃在海外上市，公司估值約20億美元。
3 Artka
Artka——杭州蓋文電子商務有限公司旗下淘寶原創服裝設計師品牌，創立於2005年。ARTKA阿卡女裝隨心手藝是淘寶最大、人氣最旺的原創設計品牌，其最大特色就是，與眾不同的女襯衫、雪紡衫等女裝設計風格。其品牌風格多樣化，有田園式，歌特式，宮廷式，民族式，波西米亞式，珞莉塔式等等!
4 粉紅大布娃娃
上海蘋豆商貿有限公司成立於2007年底，是國內領先的具有時尚前瞻性的女裝公司。旗下主品牌「粉紅大布娃娃」憑借獨具匠心的設計、精湛的工藝和完美立體的版型，一躍成為中國崇尚精緻生活的推崇之極的品牌。2012年，公司開拓第二產品線，推出「粉紅小布娃娃」這一「粉紅大布娃娃」姊妹品牌，為了崇尚自由率性的年輕設計製作一系列休閑氣質服裝。
5 VOA / 維歐艾
2004年6月杭州維歐艾服飾有限公司獲得了法國維歐艾國際投資公司的「VOA」品牌的中國區的生產、銷售權。杭州維歐艾服飾有限公司位於杭州江干科技園區服裝研發中心，是集設計、生產、銷售於一體的專業女裝企業。擁有數十名優秀設計師進行服裝款式設計和全球流行趨勢跟蹤。公司經營至今已在全國50多城市設置銷售網路,擁有100多家直營店和代理店。
6 裂帛
裂帛，中國設計師品牌，由青年設計師大風、小風創始於2006年11月。裂帛已成為中國最具規模的設計師女裝之一,遠銷海外各個國家與城市,為世界潮流和國際時裝界輸出著來自東方的多元文化價值,與美好的體驗。
7 O.SA / 歐莎
深圳市歐莎世家服飾有限公司，創建於2007年，是融設計、研發、生產、銷售、運營，售後維護為一體式經營的電子商務公司。旗下的OSA品牌，是涵蓋男、女裝的綜合性品牌，致力於25-35歲目標客群，憑借時尚多變的款式、安全優良的品質，以及合理可信的價格，受到無數時尚都市人的喜愛與追捧。
8 Vero Moda
VERO MODA引是歐洲著名的時裝公司丹麥BESTSELLER擁有的四個著名品牌之一。VERO MODA擁有眾多優秀的設計師，Vero Moda的銷售網路遍布全球22個國家，擁有650家大型概念店，緊隨世界時尚潮流，為全世界女性提供最具品位的時裝。與眾多歐洲高檔時裝不同，VERO MODA主張」與其仰望不如穿在身上」的理念，時尚的設計，合理的價格，全球供應鏈，使VERO MODA成為全球上班族女性的首選品牌。
9 HSTYLE / 韓都衣舍
韓都衣舍(HSTYLE)，由山東韓都衣舍電子商務有限公司全資經營。韓都衣舍品牌創立於2008年，專注於互聯網時尚品牌運營。2010年榮獲「中國十大網貨品牌」和「最佳全球化實踐網商」，2011年中國紡織服裝行業十大風雲人物，2011年中國紡織服裝行業年度精銳榜「十大網路品牌」，2012年韓都衣舍在天貓平台和京東商城均為女裝類目銷量排名第1位。
10 十月傳奇
十月傳奇誕生於中國深圳的一支年輕而有個性的OL女裝創作團隊。2009年，十月傳奇獲得業內許多家投資機構及資深人士的高度贊譽，被稱為正在迅速崛起的和未來最具發展潛力的網上服飾經營公司。十月傳奇為越來越多堅持美、相信美的女性消費者提供更專業的產品與服務。為現在都市創造更多充滿智慧、自信、富有口味的新時代女性。2010年，十月傳奇女裝入駐淘寶商城，並獲得都市白領OL的追捧。
C. 有哪些好的真絲品牌的襯衫或者連衣裙值得推薦
「蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜。所謂伊人，在水一方」，這句來自《詩經》的優美詩句，描述人們對美好愛情的執著追求、但又可望不可及的惆悵心情，演繹到現代的「秋水伊人」女性，就是一群知性，追求浪漫，對新事物持保守態度但同時易受媒體影響而關注時尚的都市女性，秋水伊人品牌就是定位於這樣一群都市女性，設計師通過優雅、浪漫的設計表達手法，充分演繹目標消費群體的時尚經典而又精緻優雅的淑女著衣風格。