A. VOA慢速英语：文身会让你失去工作么
Could a Tattoo Cost You a Job?
In the 1960s U.S., a tattoo was usually a sign of anti-social or illegal activity. Few people had them. Today, at least one in five Americans has a tattoo, including sports stars, actors and young professionals.
But some people say tattoos still have no place at work. Many well-known companies have “no visible tattoo” policies.
However, some instries are not so strict when it comes to tattoos. And some are changing to reflect a more “tat-friendly” culture.
During any workday commute in Washington, D.C., you will see people dressed in different kinds of business clothes -- suits, brown khaki pants and collared shirts, modest dresses and skirts. D.C. has a large government workforce along with many politicians and lawyers. As a result, most people dress in a conservative way.
On a crowded subway train one morning, a young woman stands out. She is wearing shorts and a tank top. However, it is not her clothes that make her look different from her fellow commuters. It’s her arm.
She has a large, brightly colored tattoo of a beautiful woman with long dark hair, wearing a red scarf and jewels. The tattoo covers the top of her left arm.
Erin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.xErin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.
Her name is Erin DeRosa. She is a 26-year-old hair stylist. Ms. DeRosa says her college friends warned her to not get such large tattoos. They told her the tattoos -- or “tats” for short -- would make it hard for her to get a job.
Not so, says Ms. DeRosa. She says the hair instry puts importance on creativity and indiviality.
So, showing her tattoos actually helps her career. She says that her clients do not get “freaked out” or are not upset by her tattoos. She says that her salon is a modern one, suggesting that perhaps in a more conservative salon, customers might be freaked out by her tattoos.
Her mother, however, is a different story. Her mother does not like tattoos.
Ms. DeRosa says when her mom came to DC for a visit she had to wear long sleeves the entire time.
Erin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.xErin DeRosa, Hair Stylist in Washington, D.C.
Creative instries vs. traditional instries
Erin DeRosa belongs to a creative instry that accepts tattoos in the workplace. Fashion, graphic design and technology instries are also lax, or not strict, about workers having tattoos. But instries such as medical and financial are more traditional about workers’ appearance.
These observations are from Natasha Olinger, a human resource, or hiring, specialist. Ms. Olinger has been an HR specialist in Washington, D.C. for the past decade.
“So, I think the ... the instries that are more lax now are the tech and creative instries. But the ones that are still kind of strict are the medical professions, the legal professions and banks.”
The stricter instries, explains Ms. Olinger, are mostly what she calls, “customer-facing.” People in medicine, law and finance must deal with the public face-to-face. If an employee represents a company, that company usually has a right to say how their employees should look.
Many jobs in the technology instry are not customer-facing. They are back-end jobs and have little face-to-face time with customers. So, appearance is not as important.
The tech instry is where a woman named Melissa Thomas has worked for the past 20 years. Ms. Thomas is a 47-year-old self-employed technology expert. She mainly works with the federal government supporting its software needs.
Ms. Thomas got a small tattoo when she was in her 20s, even though her father opposed the idea. But when Ms. Thomas turned 40, she decided it was time to get the tattoos she has always wanted – a lot of them.
Ms. Thomas explains she chose tattoo designs that are important to her in some way. She says she loves Japanese culture. So, one of her arms has a full sleeve of brightly colored Japanese-looking tattoos. A bright blue fish swimming upstream shows determination, something in which she believes.
Melissa Thomas, IT specialist in Washington, D.C. and her Japanese theater mask tattoo.xMelissa Thomas, IT specialist in Washington, D.C. and her Japanese theater mask tattoo.
Ms. Thomas says she loves water. So, a waterfall flows down her arm. Washington, D.C. is known for cherry blossoms. So, she chose some cherry blossom tattoos to celebrate the city where her son was born.
Her other arm is a work-in-progress. She says the tattoos are incomplete because her favorite artist started taking drugs again. She did not want drugs connected to her body art so she stopped going to him. This is actually one of the common opinions people have about tattoos – that the people who have them take drugs.
Ms. Thomas was thoughtful, not only about the content, but also the location of her tattoos. She explains that she stopped the tattoos at her wrists so she can hide them, all of them, when she needs to or wants to. Speaking at a crowded private swimming pool near Washington, D.C., Ms. Thomas shows her tattoos proudly.
“For me, because I respect my clients, there are situations where I call it buttoning down. For the professional part of it, I stopped at my wrists, knowing that I could button down and I’d be fine.”
Ms. Thomas is realistic about the effect her tattoos can have on others and on her career. The word she uses is “naïve,” or innocently unaware, to desCRIbe people with tattoos who think any work situation will accept their body art.
“I think that’s somewhat naïve, I do, because we’re still in a time where if you weren’t working at a tattoo shop, if you weren’t working in a salon, if maybe you were going for a job in the financial district or at one of our banking centers in this country you probably wouldn’t get the job if you had a t-shirt on and you were tattooed. Right? But you would get the job if you were dressed appropriate and you kept it (tattoos) to yourself.”
Melissa Thomas picked her tattoos carefully. They all relate to something in her life.xMelissa Thomas picked her tattoos carefully. They all relate to something in her life.
Can a tattoo cost you a job?
In 2011, the career advice website, CareerBuilder.com, concted a survey. They hired the company Harris Interactive to poll nearly 3,000 hiring managers across the U.S. These managers were asked to list the factors that kept them from promoting their employees. The top three were piercings, bad breath and visible tattoos.
As HR expert Natasha Olinger points out, employers do not have to care about an employee’s right to express oneself through body art.
“Yeah, so right now there is no federal law or anything against tattoo disCRImination. It’s considered an employee’s First Amendment right to get one and an employer’s right to say, ‘Yeah, we don’t care about your self-expression.’ ”
In other words, no U.S. law restricts someone from getting a tattoo. But no U.S. law requires a business to hire a person with a tattoo, either. So yes, having a tattoo may cost you a job.
Are employers becoming more tolerant?
On the other hand, deciding not to hire people with tattoos may increasingly cost employers workers. Surveys show that more and more young people have tattoos – or, “ink.” In fact, according to the Pew Research Center, in the U.S. nearly four in ten Millennials, people aged 18 – 29, have at least one tattoo.
Ms. Olinger says employers are finding that if they want to attract young talent they may have to become more tolerant of tattoos.
“I think in general employers are realizing that it’s dangerous to value appearance over professional skill, especially with kind of the younger crowd of employees. And I think they are just getting more and more tolerant of tattoos, which I think, is a good thing.”
Hiring people with tattoos may soon become an issue of staying relevant, or having a meaningful connection to the current way of doing things, says Ms. Olinger.
“Organizations across the board are finding that they need to embrace all forms of diversity including tattoos if they want to stay relevant.”
There are some instries where tattoos have become the norm. It is difficult to find professional basketball players in the U.S. without tattoos. But in many other instries the appearance of the employee is important. Tattoos represent personal expression and indiviality. This may not go along with the company’s image that the employees are to represent.
纹身会让你丢掉工作吗？
在20世纪60年代的美国，纹身通常是反社会或非法活动的标志。很少有人拥有它们。今天，至少五分之一的美国人有纹身，包括体育明星、演员和年轻专业人士。
但有人说纹身仍然没有工作的地方。许多知名公司都有“无可见纹身”的政策。
不过，有些行业对纹身并不严格。有些正在改变，以反映一种更“友好”的文化。
在华盛顿特区的工作日通勤中，你会看到人们穿着各种商业服装——西装、棕色卡其布裤子和领衬衫、便装和裙子。哥伦比亚特区有大量的政府工作人员以及许多政治家和律师。因此，大多数人穿着保守。
一天早上，在拥挤的地铁列车上，一名年轻女子脱颖而出。她穿着短裤和背心。然而，并不是她的衣服让她看起来不同于其他通勤者。是她的胳膊。
她有一个巨大的、颜色鲜艳的纹身，上面有一个长着黑色长发的漂亮女人，戴着红色围巾和珠宝。纹身覆盖在她的左臂上。
艾琳·德洛萨，华盛顿的发型师哥伦比亚特区华盛顿发型师薛林·德罗萨
她叫艾琳·德洛萨。她是一位26岁的发型师。德洛萨女士说，她的大学朋友警告她不要纹这么大的纹身。他们告诉她纹身——简称“纹身”——会让她很难找到工作。
德尔奥萨说，情况并非如此。她说，发型业重视创造力和个性。
所以，展示她的纹身实际上有助于她的事业。她说，她的客户不会被她的纹身“吓坏”或心烦意乱。她说她的沙龙是现代沙龙，暗示也许在更保守的沙龙里，顾客可能会被她的纹身吓坏。
然而，她的母亲却是另一回事。她母亲不喜欢纹身。
德洛萨女士说，她妈妈来特区访问时，她必须一直穿长袖衣服。
艾琳·德洛萨，华盛顿的发型师哥伦比亚特区华盛顿发型师薛林·德罗萨
创意产业与传统产业
艾琳·德洛萨属于一个在工作场所接受纹身的创意产业。时尚、平面设计和科技行业也对纹身工人松懈或不严格。但医疗、金融等行业对工人的外貌比较传统。
这些观察来自人力资源或招聘专家娜塔莎·奥林格。奥林格女士过去十年一直是华盛顿特区的人力资源专家。
“那么，我觉得这个...现在比较宽松的行业是科技和创意产业。但仍然比较严格的是医疗、法律和银行。"
奥林格解释说，更严格的行业主要是她所说的“面向客户”。“医药、法律和金融领域的人士必须面对面地与公众打交道。如果一名员工代表一家公司，该公司通常有权说他们的员工应该是什么样子。
科技行业的许多工作不是面向客户的。他们是后端工作，很少与客户面对面。所以，外表并不那么重要。
科技产业是一个叫梅丽莎·托马斯的女人在过去20年里工作的地方。托马斯女士是一位47岁的自营职业技术专家。她主要与联邦政府合作支持其软件需求。
托马斯20多岁时就有一个小纹身，尽管她的父亲反对。但当托马斯40岁时，她决定是时候获得她一直想要的纹身了——很多。
托马斯女士解释说，她选择了在某种程度上对她很重要的纹身设计。她说她热爱日本文化。所以，她的一只胳膊上满是鲜艳的日式纹身。一条明亮的蓝鱼在上游游来游去，显示出决心，这是她相信的。
华盛顿特区的资讯科技专家梅丽莎·托马斯和她的日本戏剧面具纹身。华盛顿特区的资讯科技专家梅丽莎·托马斯和她的日本戏剧面具纹身。
托马斯女士说她喜欢水。于是，一股瀑布顺着她的胳膊流了下来。华盛顿特区以樱花闻名。所以，她选择了一些樱花纹身来庆祝儿子出生的城市。
她的另一只胳膊是在制品。她说，纹身是不完整的，因为她最喜欢的艺术家又开始吸毒了。她不希望毒品与她的身体艺术有关，所以她不再去找他。这实际上是人们对纹身的一个普遍看法——有纹身的人吸毒。
托马斯女士深思熟虑，不仅在内容上，而且在纹身的位置上。她解释说，她停止了手腕上的纹身，以便在需要或想要的时候把它们都藏起来。在一个拥挤的私人游泳池旁说
十大女士衬衫品牌排行榜。
1 INMAN茵曼
茵曼(INMAN)，广州市汇美服装有限公司旗下棉麻生活品牌，于2008年创立。电子商务女装领域成长表现最为出色的女性服饰零售品牌之一。先后获得2011年全球十佳网商30强品牌、连续三年位居天猫商城女装品牌TOP5、淘品牌女装Top3、淘宝第一原创棉麻女装品牌等殊荣。2011年双十一“茵曼”更是改写历史，成为第一家冲破千万女装品牌，总业绩超越传统品牌，位居榜首。
2 Ochirly / 欧时力
欧时力(香港)集团有限公司是意大利欧时力OCHIRLY品牌在亚太地区全权运营机构(亚太地区总部)，负责欧时力OCHIRLY在亚大地区的品牌运作业务，1999年欧时力OCHIRLY女装率先成功进入中国市场。截至2009年底的数据显示，它在中国28个省市的指标性商场拥有超过800家门店，年销售额达到2.5亿元。目前，欧时力计划在海外上市，公司估值约20亿美元。
3 Artka
Artka——杭州盖文电子商务有限公司旗下淘宝原创服装设计师品牌，创立于2005年。ARTKA阿卡女装随心手艺是淘宝最大、人气最旺的原创设计品牌，其最大特色就是，与众不同的女衬衫、雪纺衫等女装设计风格。其品牌风格多样化，有田园式，歌特式，宫廷式，民族式，波西米亚式，珞莉塔式等等!
4 粉红大布娃娃
上海苹豆商贸有限公司成立于2007年底，是国内领先的具有时尚前瞻性的女装公司。旗下主品牌“粉红大布娃娃”凭借独具匠心的设计、精湛的工艺和完美立体的版型，一跃成为中国崇尚精致生活的推崇之极的品牌。2012年，公司开拓第二产品线，推出“粉红小布娃娃”这一“粉红大布娃娃”姊妹品牌，为了崇尚自由率性的年轻设计制作一系列休闲气质服装。
5 VOA / 维欧艾
2004年6月杭州维欧艾服饰有限公司获得了法国维欧艾国际投资公司的“VOA”品牌的中国区的生产、销售权。杭州维欧艾服饰有限公司位于杭州江干科技园区服装研发中心，是集设计、生产、销售于一体的专业女装企业。拥有数十名优秀设计师进行服装款式设计和全球流行趋势跟踪。公司经营至今已在全国50多城市设置销售网络,拥有100多家直营店和代理店。
6 裂帛
裂帛，中国设计师品牌，由青年设计师大风、小风创始于2006年11月。裂帛已成为中国最具规模的设计师女装之一,远销海外各个国家与城市,为世界潮流和国际时装界输出着来自东方的多元文化价值,与美好的体验。
7 O.SA / 欧莎
深圳市欧莎世家服饰有限公司，创建于2007年，是融设计、研发、生产、销售、运营，售后维护为一体式经营的电子商务公司。旗下的OSA品牌，是涵盖男、女装的综合性品牌，致力于25-35岁目标客群，凭借时尚多变的款式、安全优良的品质，以及合理可信的价格，受到无数时尚都市人的喜爱与追捧。
8 Vero Moda
VERO MODA引是欧洲著名的时装公司丹麦BESTSELLER拥有的四个著名品牌之一。VERO MODA拥有众多优秀的设计师，Vero Moda的销售网络遍布全球22个国家，拥有650家大型概念店，紧随世界时尚潮流，为全世界女性提供最具品位的时装。与众多欧洲高档时装不同，VERO MODA主张”与其仰望不如穿在身上”的理念，时尚的设计，合理的价格，全球供应链，使VERO MODA成为全球上班族女性的首选品牌。
9 HSTYLE / 韩都衣舍
韩都衣舍(HSTYLE)，由山东韩都衣舍电子商务有限公司全资经营。韩都衣舍品牌创立于2008年，专注于互联网时尚品牌运营。2010年荣获“中国十大网货品牌”和“最佳全球化实践网商”，2011年中国纺织服装行业十大风云人物，2011年中国纺织服装行业年度精锐榜“十大网络品牌”，2012年韩都衣舍在天猫平台和京东商城均为女装类目销量排名第1位。
10 十月传奇
十月传奇诞生于中国深圳的一支年轻而有个性的OL女装创作团队。2009年，十月传奇获得业内许多家投资机构及资深人士的高度赞誉，被称为正在迅速崛起的和未来最具发展潜力的网上服饰经营公司。十月传奇为越来越多坚持美、相信美的女性消费者提供更专业的产品与服务。为现在都市创造更多充满智慧、自信、富有口味的新时代女性。2010年，十月传奇女装入驻淘宝商城，并获得都市白领OL的追捧。
C. 有哪些好的真丝品牌的衬衫或者连衣裙值得推荐
“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方”，这句来自《诗经》的优美诗句，描述人们对美好爱情的执著追求、但又可望不可及的惆怅心情，演绎到现代的“秋水伊人”女性，就是一群知性，追求浪漫，对新事物持保守态度但同时易受媒体影响而关注时尚的都市女性，秋水伊人品牌就是定位于这样一群都市女性，设计师通过优雅、浪漫的设计表达手法，充分演绎目标消费群体的时尚经典而又精致优雅的淑女着衣风格。